Muslim Taxi Drivers vs. Seeing-Eye Dogs

Muslim lore has it that dogs are impure, so pious Muslims often try to avoid the animals. In most circumstances, this does not present a problem in the West, but it can when seeing-eye dogs are involved, for they have legal rights of entry. Interestingly, the Council on American-Islamic Relations often rushes to the defense of Muslims behaving illegally.

Seeing-eye dogs present a problem to many Muslim taxi drivers.

Muslim taxi drivers refusing to allow the guide dogs into their cars is a recurring theme. In July 1997, for example, a New Orleans taxi driver, Mahmoud Awad, got so incensed at his passenger, Sandi Dewdney, trying to bring a dog into the cab that he physically yanked her out of it by the arm while yelling "No dog, No dog, Get out, get out." He harmed her broken wrist. To this, CAIR replied by pointing out that "the saliva of dogs invalidates the ritual purity needed for prayer" and left it to the scholars of Islam to decide whether a guide dog should be allowed in a cab. The judge, after researching Islamic attitudes and finding no support for the driver's claims, called his behavior "a total disgrace." Awad pled guilty to battery and was sentenced to 120 days of community service at the Lighthouse for the Blind.

Another instance arose in Cincinnati in February 1999, when Annie McEachrin, blind since birth, tried to get into Hassan Taher's cab but he refused her dog entry. When McEachrin complained to the city, Taher noted that Islam holds dogs to be impure and CAIR came again to his defense, noting that "People from the Middle East especially, we have been indoctrinated with a kind of fear of dogs. The driver has a genuine fear and he acted in good faith. He's acted in accordance with his religious beliefs."

A third taxi issue arose in Edmonton, Canada in October 2000, when Khalid Habib Ahmad refused to allow Kelly Fair to take his guide dog into his cab, then claimed, without the necessary proof from an allergist to back him up, an allergy to dog hair. Ahmad also added that as a Muslim, taking a dog in his car conflicted with his religion. The case against Ahmad was dismissed because improperly filed.

Edmonton was also where, in May 2003, Doris Owen tried to enter a convenience store belonging to Mohammad Rafiq, a Pakistani who lived in Saudi Arabia for 25 years. Even after being informed by the police that Alberta's Blind Persons' Rights Act mandates guide dogs be allowed into all public places, Rafiq demurred. "This store is also my church, because I pray, I eat ... there, and my religion will not allow dogs to come in my store, or any animal." Owen testified in a January 2004 court hearing against Rafiq that he shouted at her and refused to listen to her discussing her legal rights. Addressing him, she said: "You got mad and angry and you started yelling, 'Get that dog out of here, get that dog out of here.' You didn't give me a chance ... [to explain] what a guide dog means to me, and it means a lot." Found guilty, Rafiq was sentenced to a three-month conditional discharge, "bearing in mind the concerns that Mr. Rafiq has, his cultural background."

Then there was the more recent case in Brooksville, Florida, on Nov. 5, when a legally blind man, David Bearden, tried to enter a convenience store with his dog to buy a cold soda, but was thrown out by the clerk, Mike Hamed. As Hamed explains, he looked up from the counter "saw this big dog." Bearden picks up the tale: "As soon as we got inside the door, the clerk yelled at us to stop." Bearden says he tried three times to explain that state law not only requires access for seeing-eye dogs but treats denial of access as a criminal misdemeanor. Bearden quotes Hamed telling him nonetheless "Get that dog out of here; it's going to eat my food." Bearden says he plans to file a claim against Hamed. No word yet of CAIR defending Hamed's actions.

In this connection, it is worth noting a brief letter to the editor from a Muslim woman, Zuraimah Mohammed, and published on June 14, 2005 by Singapore's Straits Times:

On June 3, while I was on a bus, I noticed a taxi with a small dog in it. The dog was not in a cage and was standing on the backseat beside its owner. I am curious to know if cab companies allow uncaged pets to be transported in taxis. Dogs may drool on the seats or dirty them with their paws.

In response, two young men posted negative remarks about Muslims and Malays on the Internet and in October were sentenced to jail. "Animal shelter assistant Benjamin Koh Song Huat, 27, was convicted of two charges under the Sedition Act and jailed for one month. Nicholas Lim Yew, 25, an assistant marketing manager, was convicted of one charge under the Act and given a 'nominal' jail term of one day and fined the maximum of $5,000." (November 14, 2005)

Oct. 6, 2006 update: A report from the United Kingdom tells of two recent instances of Muslim cab drivers refusing seeing-eye dogs into their cars and being fined.

• Jane Vernon, 39, a legal officer for the Royal National Institute for the Blind, appeared on the BBC's News 24 program and the BBC-contracted car was to take her home. But minicab driver Abdul Rasheed Majekodumni said she could not get into his car with the dog because his religion considers dogs "unclean." Majekodumni's actions landed him in Marylebone court, where he was fined £200 and ordered to pay another £1,200 for failing to comply with the Disability Discrimination Act. Even after the verdict, Majekodumni, in the words of the Daily Mail, "remained defiant and insisted that he would continue refusing passengers accompanied by guide dogs."
• Bernie Reddington, 37, tried to get a ride home from a hospital appointment at Great Ormond Street but driver Basir Miah refused, calling her dog "dirty." The magistrates court at Horseferry found him guilty of breaching the terms of his license, fining him £150 plus £250 compensation.

Oct. 8, 2006 update: From Melbourne, Australia, where about 20 percent of the city's 10,000 taxis are driven by Muslims, comes a report of more problems. According to the Herald Sun Sunday.

Muslim taxi drivers are refusing to carry blind passengers with their guide dogs or anyone carrying alcohol. At least 20 dog-aided blind people have lodged discrimination complaints with the Victorian Taxi Directorate. Dozens more have voiced their anger. And there have been several complaints that drivers refuse to allow passengers to carry sealed bottles of alcohol.

Victorian Taxi Association spokesman Neil Sach said the association had appealed to the mufti of Melbourne to give religious approval for Muslim cabbies to carry guide dogs. One Muslim driver, Imran, said yesterday the guide dog issue was difficult for him. "I don't refuse to take people, but it's hard for me because my religion tells me I should not go near dogs," he said.

Oct. 10, 2006 update: I take up a related taxi problem today at "Don't Bring That Booze into My Taxi" and "More on Those Minnesota Taxi Drivers."

Nov. 15, 2006 update: Bruce Gilmour, a blind man from the North Shore of Vancouver, British Columbia, has filed a case with the B.C. Human Rights Tribunal after a driver, Behzad Saidy, refused to let his guide dog into his North Shore taxi in January 2006. Gilmour complains that North Shore taxi discriminated against him on the basis of his physical disability. Saidy responds that his Muslim beliefs do not permit him to take dogs in his taxi. North Shore Taxi filed a document with the Human Rights Tribunal stating that about half of its drivers are "unable to take animals in their taxis due to medical or religious reasons."

Gilmour and the taxi driver disagree on what was said about the dog at the time. Saidy has told the Human Rights Tribunal he told Gilmour at the time that he was refusing because of religious beliefs. But Gilmour's lawyer Nazeer Mitha said all the driver said to Gilmour was, "No dogs, no dogs," before driving away. The first Gilmour heard about religious objections was after he filed a formal complaint, said Mitha.

Since then, the taxi driver has filed a statement from a Muslim cleric stating that Islam has some restrictions towards certain animals, including dogs. But Mitha says Gilmour has also filed a statement from a different Muslim cleric, stating that there can be exceptions to blanket refusals to deal with dogs, especially if it means helping someone in need. Mitha said all that would be required in most circumstances would be for a Muslim person to wash their hands before eating if they have been in contact with a dog. "That's not a terrible task to go through," he said.

Mar. 30, 2007 update: Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport, scene of much disputation concerning Muslim taxi drivers, has also had a problem with seeing-eye dogs being refused into taxis. Airport spokesman Pat Hogan indicates three formal complaints have been made to the airport concerning guide dogs being refused rides. CAIR has figured out that there's no benefit in this particular fight and has jumped on the other side of this issue. Under its guidance, some 300 cabbies have volunteered to provide free rides to blind people and their guide dogs during a meeting of the National Federation of the Blind's Minnesota chapter on April 21, hoping thereby to improve their reputation. But Joyce Scanlan, president of the chapter, responded coolly to the offer, saying she would prefer the cabdrivers simply do their jobs. "We really are uncomfortable with that, with the offer of getting free rides. We don't think that solves anything. We believe the cabdrivers need to realize that the law says they will not turn down a blind person."

Apr. 2, 2007 update: Fjordman translates an article from Norway's Aftenposten that LittleGreenFootballs.com published.

Blind woman Gry Berg, accompanied by her guide dog, was denied entry into four taxis in the center of the city of Oslo, Norway, this March. Three of the drivers claimed that their unwillingness to accept her dog was due to allergy, while the fourth one simply locked the car doors and refused to give an explanation for why he wouldn't let Ms. Berg into his cab.

Andreas Strand, leader of the youth organization of The Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted, reacts strongly to this treatment. "It makes it difficult for blind people to live a social life," he says. Strand claims that it has become an increasingly common problem that blind people accompanied by guide dogs are denied access to taxis, and has written a letter of complaint to the three companies whose drivers were involved in this particular incident.

Now, the police and the local transportation authorities will cooperate on punishing drivers who refuse to accept dogs into their cars. Director Odd Bratteberg of the Transportation Authority in Oslo warns that they will conduct random tests at taxi stands, and that drivers who refuse to accept passengers with dogs risk having their license revoked.

Apr. 20, 2007 update: Victor C. Harris, who is legally blind, writes me from Everett, Washington, about his experience with a seeing-eye dog. Harris has peripheral vision of 4 degrees and anyone with less than 20 degrees peripheral vision is blind; but he sees with 20/40 central acuity.

On December 1, 2004, Harris called a taxi to go home from the Everett CenterEvents. When he tried to get into a Yellow Cab, the driver refused to open the doors, only lowering his window to say he would get Harris another cab, as he did not carry dogs. Harris told him that he had a service animal and therefore could not legally be refused transportation. The driver nonetheless again would not let him in. When Harris asked for the driver's name and a card, the cabbie warned him to step away from the car and took off. Harris wrote down his For Hire number and contacted the police. After much toing-and-froing, nothing came of his complaint, except that Yellow Cab of Everett apologized and gave him two vouchers for local trips. The company specifically refused to dismiss the driver, saying that it preferred to train him rather than hire someone new.

May 24, 2007 update: In what appears to be a first in the Western world, Australia's New South Wales government has imposed a fine of up to A$1,100 should taxi drivers refuse service to passengers with seeing-eye dogs because of "religious" reasons, fear of dogs, or supposed allergies. In addition, Transport Minister John Watkins announced that all taxi drivers will "receive a session with a disability service advocate as part of their training."

Human Rights and Disability Discrimination Commissioner Graeme Innes, himself blind and reliant on a guide dog, said he is refused service on average once a month, including twice in two days recently. "He has been told on a number of occasions that it would be against a driver's religion to allow a dog in the cab," writes Heath Aston in Australia's Daily Telegraph. "He has also been refused by drivers claiming to be allergic to dogs and even scared of dogs. He has also been left clutching at air on busy Market St by one belligerent driver who told him he had to take the non-existent cab in front."

Vision Australia's head of policy and advocacy Michael Simpson concurred, saying that taxi drivers refuse to take guide dogs with "too much regularity," noting that the problem is worse in the Sydney area: "It is fair to say that the [Islamic] religion has made the problem worse in the metropolitan areas than regional areas, where I've found taxi drivers are generally excellent." Simpson, who is blind, told an anecdote of his and two blind companions being refused service at the airport. "We asked the driver for his accreditation number and he gave us the wrong one. It was only because an airline staff member had accompanied us that we got the right number and could properly complain about being refused." May 16, 2010 update: The New South Wales District Court fined this cabbie A$750 in March 2010.

May 24, 2007 update: Australia's Transport Minister John Watkins has elaborated further on his decision to fine errant hacks:

If you can't actually serve the customers in greatest need those - people with some form of disability - well, you shouldn't be in the job. I'm committed to doing something about this. It is an intolerable thing. I need to make the point very clear to the taxi industry and to taxi drivers. This is illegal, with a fine of up to $1100.

June 14, 2007 update: Sallahaddin Abdullah, 40, was fined £200 and ordered to pay £1,000 court costs in Cambridge, England, for abandoning Paul and Kerry Monaghan, plus their guide dogs, on the pavement outside Cambridge Railway Station. Abdullah may also lose his taxi license.

The married couple were stranded as they tried to make their way to Addenbrooke's Hospital for an appointment on August 15 last year. Abdullah told Cambridge Magistrates' Court: "Sorry, I sneeze; my religion" before taking another passenger from the queue and driving away. The court was told this was to imply he was allergic to dogs. The stunned couple, from North Walsham in Norfolk, are both registered blind, and Mrs Monaghan is also deaf. The next taxi driver at the rank picked up the couple and took a note of Abdullah's cab number so they could make a complaint.

Bruce Gilmour won a settlement from a Vancouver taxi company and got the regulations changed.

Aug. 16, 2007 update: When Behzad Saidy, a taxi driver in Vancouver, British Columbia, refused service to Bruce Gilmour, 49, and his seeing-eye dog (for details, see the Nov. 15, 2006 update, above), he did so on the grounds that he drove a no-pet cab. Saidy later explained that being a Muslim means he must not associate with dogs, on the basis that they are "unclean." He subsequently found an imam who stated on his behalf that "Islam holds some restrictions toward certain animals, including dogs."

Gilmour, blind for 30 years, responded with a human rights complaint alleging discrimination. Three days before the provincial human rights tribunal hearing was to take place, however, Gilmour and Saidy's employer, North Shore Taxi, reached a C$2,500 settlement, which the tribunal then issued as an order.

The settlement says it balances "the rights of persons with seeing-eye dogs to obtain taxi service with the rights of Muslims to follow their religion" by establishing a policy that forbids any driver to refuse a fare from a blind person accompanied by a certified guide dog unless drivers (1) are allergic to dogs or (2) can establish that they have an "honest religious belief (Muslim) which precludes them from transporting certified guide dogs." In such cases, drivers must to give their name to the blind person, call the dispatcher, ask for "the next available cab," and stay with the blind person until that cab arrives. Not following these regulations one time means suspension for two shifts; a second violation could lead to termination of employment.

Comments: (1) "It's a landmark in my life," a happy Gilmour responded to the change in rules, but it is hard to see what he has achieved. Yes, blind passengers will not have to inform the dispatcher of their disability and he will wait with the reluctant driver by his side, but practically speaking, anyone wanting to make an appointment or a flight on time will have to inform the dispatcher that he's got a guide dog so as to avoid standing on the sidewalk for a half hour. The Shari'a would seem to rule in this instance.

(2) Gilmour indicated his intent to donate about a quarter of his monetary settlement to the Az-Zahraa Islamic Centre to thank its imam, Javed Jaffri, for researching the dog topic and offering to serve as his expert witness. According to Gilmour, Jaffri "spent long hours on this. He provided an unbiased interpretation of the Koran that indicated there is nothing saying that one must refuse service to another person because of the fear of contamination by a dog."

Sep. 8, 2007 update: John Matthies, my colleague at Islamist Watch, comments on the Gilmour affair and did some research on dogs and Islamic ritual purity:

Cabdrivers have argued that dogs are "unclean," but there is little agreement on the subject. In our own time, clerics like the Iranian Hojatolislam Hassani have denounced the "moral depravity" of dog ownership, and demanded "the judiciary arrest of all dogs with long, medium or short legs—together with their long-legged owners." And last September, Saudi religious police banned dogs from the holy city of Mecca and neighboring Jeddah. But these are exceptional cases.

Early chroniclers of the Prophet's life and mission report that dogs, while "unclean," are not entirely off limits. Dogs may be kept for hunting, shepherding, and protection, for example. And legal scholars disagree among themselves as to whether the dog is (1) entirely pure, (2) entirely impure, or (3) pure as to fur and impure of saliva.

Ritual purity is the rub. According to the "impure" tradition, contact with dog saliva will invalidate ritual purity and nullify ablutions ("breaks" wudu') required for prayer or handling the Muslim holy book. This applies to the saliva of every canine, mongrel and "certified guide dog" alike.

But what is the worst that can happen if car and driver become contaminated with dog saliva? The answer is that the soiled spot of the clothes or car must be cleansed in ritual fashion (seven times in all, and once with dirt), and the person must apply partial ablutions (wudu') to the face and extremities.

Matthies concludes that "No one is bound to chauffeur the public for a living, and scrupulously observant drivers should not require a settlement or ruling to perform the function for which they were hired."

Sep. 12, 2007 update: "Cabbies see guide dogs and drive away, blind riders say" comes the news from Milwaukee, reported by Ellen Gabler. Blind people sometimes wait more than an hour or have to call the cab company repeatedly after taxis arrived, then sped off on seeing the guide dog. "I've had so many bad experiences," says one blind person, Steve Heesen.

In response, the National Federation of the Blind of Wisconsin has complained to Milwaukee County that some drivers of American United Taxi are avoiding blind passengers with guide dogs. It's particularly an issue because American United Taxi has a $1.25 million contract with the county's Transit Plus program to provide about 500 rides each day for people with disabilities. Gabler explains the company's policy:

When calling for a cab, passengers with guide dogs must notify American United that the animal is along for the ride. This helps drivers identify blind passengers in a crowd, and also allows drivers allergic to dogs to decline the job. Once a driver accepts an order, however, the driver must service it or wait an hour before picking up another ride.

The only drivers allowed not to pick up passengers with dogs are those with a doctor's note stating they are allergic to dogs. Of American United Taxi's 300 cab drivers, it turns out, only four have a medical excuse. As for Muslim drivers concerned about carrying dogs because their saliva is unclean, "Some of the drivers feel that if they touch a dog it is unholy," Red Christensen, general manager of American United Taxi notes.

Dec. 4, 2007 update: Remote Fort McMurray, Alberta (population: 65,000) has the same problem, Chuck Chiang reports in "Refused: Airport cabbies wouldn't take blind woman with guide dog, despite laws on her side." Diane Bergeron, a blind woman with a seeing-eye dog, landed at the airport two days ago and despite "a whole line of ten, 15 taxis waiting outside," she said, "not one would take me because of my dog." Eventually, a bystander took her to her hotel in town.

Nor was her plight unusual: Provincial and municipal laws to the contrary, blind Albertans with guide dogs face difficulties getting cabs. "It happens frequently, everywhere," said Ellie Shuster, spokeswoman for a national non-profit agency providing services to blind Canadians. She works for blind cab riders their rights, cab drivers to learn their obligations, and police officers the laws they must enforce.

Indeed, despite laws strictly forbidding the refusal of seeing-eye dogs, local cab companies take a relaxed attitude on the topic. "We can't make the drivers do it," said Ron MacNeill, owner of Sun Taxi, who advises passengers with guide dogs to call ahead. "You have to tell our dispatch and inform us what's going on." Mustapha Hemeid, the manager at Access Taxi, agrees: "Not every driver will [permit guide dogs]. But we do have optional drivers who can, and if you call ahead, we'll do it." Fort McMurray Airport's public relations manager, Sally Beaven, responds that the taxi companies' agreement with the airport requires that "they'll not refuse any fares. This shouldn't happen."

Asked about this situation, the Muslim Association of Canada notes that many Muslims regard dog saliva as unclean, which could cause some drivers to reject dogs in their cars. In addition, "Some people just don't feel comfortable around dogs."

Dec. 23, 2007 update: On a related note, the Al Falah mosque in Leicester, England, just became the first mosque in Britain to permit a seeing-eye dog enter. It is a retriever, chosen because it salivates less than other dogs. A kennel is being build for it outside the prayer hall of the mosque where it will wait for its owner, Mahomed Khatri, 17.

Feb. 6, 2008 update: The U.S. headquarters of CAIR realized a year ago (see the Mar. 30, 2007 update, above) that its anti-seeing-eye-dog efforts were doomed, so it switched sides on the issue. Today, its Canadian office came to the same conclusion. "CAIR-CAN Urges Accommodation for Blind Taxi Passengers" reads the press release. It quotes Jamal Badawi, CAIR-CAN Board Member and a "Canadian Islamic scholar," saying:

It is important to note that there is flexibility within Islamic teachings, and we should seek to implement opinions that are most consistent with our context, in conformity with Canadian law. Islam allows for dogs to be used by the visually impaired. Although dogs may be considered ritually unclean by some scholars, and so creating complications for daily worship, there are also opinions that consider dogs ritually pure. Surely, we can not impose any particular interpretation on anyone, but we should note that opinions exist that allow for flexibility and accommodation.

Feb. 7, 2008 update: Reporting from Ottawa on this issue turns up some contradictory evidence: On the one hand, just a week ago, a Muslim restaurant owner refused to serve a blind woman who entered the restaurant with her guide dog, telling her, "I'm not allowed." On the other hand, Yusef Al Mezel, for seven years president of the local taxi union, said that he has not once heard of a Muslim cab driver refusing a guide dog.

Tyler Hurd, a student at St. Cloud State University in Minnesota, with his service dog, Emmitt

May 12, 2008 update: Tyler Hurd, a 23-year-old junior at St. Cloud State University in Minnesota, left the school in late April because he says he feared for the safety of his service dog, a black Labrador named Emmitt trained to protect Hurd when he has seizures. The threat came from a Muslim student of Somali origins.

May 13, 2008 update: CAIR, newly wise to the service-dog problem (see Feb. 6, 2008 update, above), came out with a press release, "Muslim Group Supports Minn. Student's Right to Service Dog" that quotes the Minnesota office's communications director, Valerie Shirley: ""The moral and legal need to accommodate individuals using service dogs far outweighs the discomfort an individual Muslim might feel about coming into contact with a dog, which is one of God's creatures."

June 27, 2008 update: "Sniffer Dogs Offend Muslims" reports Tom Whitehead of Britain's Daily Mirror. Complaints from Muslims contact with police sniffer dogs trained to spot terrorists at railway stations means, according to a Transport Department report, that in keeping with "cultural sensitivities," the animals will only touch passengers' bags, which is "more acceptable." To this, Tory MP Philip Davies responded negatively: "everyone should be treated equally in the face of the law and we cannot have people of different religious groups laying the law down. I hope the police will go about their business as they would do normally."

Also today, the Daily Mail reported quoted a British Transport Police spokesman indicating that nothing will change: "The legislation applies to everyone. It's not a case for exemptions. Officers will be sensitive where appropriate but obviously there are practical implications. These dogs do not have to be clawing and barking up at people. These are highly trained dogs that can pick up scents from distance. There doesn't always have to be physical contact." July 6, 2008 update: Britain's Association of Chief Police Officers has drawn up guidelines that police sniffer dogs wear bootees with rubber soles when searching the homes of Muslims. Originally intended just for mosques, they now are being applied to private homes. The association explains: "We are trying to ensure that police forces are aware of sensitivities that people can have with the dogs to make sure they are not going against any religious or cultural element within people's homes. It is being addressed and forces are working towards doing it."

July 1, 2008 update: "Muslims outraged at police advert featuring cute puppy sitting in policeman's hat" reads the headline and the text just gets more ridiculous:

A postcard featuring a cute puppy sitting in a policeman's hat advertising a Scottish police force's new telephone number has sparked outrage from Muslims. Tayside Police's new non-emergency phone number has prompted complaints from members of the Islamic community. The choice of image on the Tayside Police cards - a black dog sitting in a police officer's hat - has now been raised with Chief Constable John Vine.

The notorious puppy advertisement from the Tayside police department in the UK.

Some shopkeepers in Dundee refused to display the advertisement with the German Shepherd and city councilor Mohammed Asif said: 'My concern was that it's not welcomed by all communities, with the dog on the cards. It was probably a waste of resources going to these communities. They [the police] should have understood. Since then, the police have explained that it was an oversight on their part, and that if they'd seen it was going to cause upset they wouldn't have done it."

The chief constable, John Vine, assured everyone that the graphic was not intended to cause any offence.

Nov. 11, 2008 update: A case from the United Kingdom, described in"Fine for taxi driver who told blind man: 'I can't take your guide dog, it's against my religion'," Ali Raza Roshanmoniri picked up Christopher Odell from a school where Odell volunteers, then refused to allow his dog into the car on the grounds that doing so would violate his religious beliefs. Cable Cars, the taxi company, sent another cab for Odell.

Because taxi drivers must carry guide dogs, unless they win an exemption on health grounds, Roshanmoniri handed the taxi licensing department a letter the next day from his doctor claiming that he has an allergy to animal hair. But a colleague of Odell's lodged a complaint with Broxtowe Borough Council, Notts. Roshanmoniri eventually pleaded guilty to transgressing the Disability Discrimination Act in Nottingham Magistrates Court which fined him £300, ordered him to pay £150 in costs and a £15 victim surcharge. Cable Cars suspended him.

Dec. 8, 2008 update: Emma Donnelly, 20 and almost totally blind since birth, tells what happened when she took her two-year-old Labrador retriever Yasmin to the Tandoori Nights Restaurant in Exeter, Devon.

I was out with a couple of friends and I had my guide dog which had only qualified just over a month before and was my first guide dog. We decided to go to an Indian restaurant but I did not even get in the door. A man came out and said Yasmin was a health and safety hazard. He said she was not allowed in even though I carry a special card from the environmental health department saying she is allowed into any premises because she is so highly trained and groomed. … I felt really upset and disgusted. It is the first time I have been refused entry to any shop. Obviously I could not see for myself by my friends told me the restaurant was almost empty to it is not as if she would have been in anyone's way. We went on to another restaurant called the Chadni and they were very nice and welcomed us in. I have complained to the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association and to the disability rights people who say they will investigate.

Alun Elder-Brown with his seeing-eye dog, Finn.

A spokesman at Tandoori Nights refused to comment.

Dec. 15, 2008 update: What is it about Indian restaurants in England? Alun Elder-Brown, 51, a recruitment executive who is blind, last week took his girlfriend and her five year-old daughter to the fashionable Kirthon Resturant in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, but never got in. Owner Amenur Abdussamad or his staff told Elder-Brown he could not bring his seeing-eye dog, Finn, inside. Elder-Brown showed his Institute of Environmental Health Officers card certifying that his dog should be allowed into any premises.

"They then said I could leave Finn tied up outside. I stayed calm but when they threatened to call police I left. … It was humiliating and degrading, especially as there were a lot of people around me," he later said. "I was made to feel like a piece of dirt. They told me I couldn't come in because it was against their religious beliefs to have a dog in the restaurant."

Of course, the restaurant's actions went against the law and Elder-Brown is considering a lawsuit against the it.

Mona Ramouni rides a bus to her job with Cali, her guide horse.

Apr. 10, 2009 update: So, how does a blind Muslim avoid relying on a dog to help her get about? By relying on a miniature horse. Three-year-old Cali, 30 inches high and weighing 125 pounds, is successfully helping Mona Ramouni, 28, of Dearborn, Mich., an observant Sunni Muslim of Jordanian background. Cali appears to be only one of six guide horses in the United States. Nov. 15, 2010 update: More information on Mona and Cali today in London's Daily Telegraph: horses have much longer working lives but require much more care than dogs.

May 14, 2010 update: Another restaurant saga, this time at Napolis Italian Restaurant in Altavista, Virginia: Christine Calabrese, 47 and legally blind, went to the restaurant on May 8 with her husband John and her service dog, Koji.

"They took our order for drinks. So I thought everything was fine," said Christine Calabrese. But they were soon asked to leave by the managers, Ahmed Ahmed and Fathy Morse. John Calabrese says he repeatedly explained the Americans with Disabilities Act, but without success. "He leaned over and said to me 'I know my business. That dog is not allowed,'" said Calabrese.

The Calabreses went outside and called police, who also called the Health Department to confirm that service dogs are allowed under state and federal law. "And advised them what the consequences would be and they still refused to allow the lady with the dog into the restaurant," said Deputy Chief Kenneth Walsh with the Altavista Police Department.

The couple and their dog were still turned away. Manager Fathy Morsy says he didn't know about the Americans with Disabilities Act and he says the Calabreses were being rude. "I say 'just leave it outside,' because the people were complaining ... they tell me 'no,'" said Fathy Morsy. "And he was talking with me, you know, it was not in a good way, you know."

Rude or not, Christine says hopes no other people with disabilities are treated the same way. "I would like to prevent this from happening again, that's my ultimate goal," said Christine Calabrese. "I always try to make things better for the next disabled person to come along."

The Calabreses say they don't plan to sue the restaurant. They will let the Justice Department decide whether to prosecute. The restaurant manager says he is sorry about what happened, knows the rules now, and the Calabreses are welcome back anytime.

Sarah Eady with her seeing-eye dog Ally.

May 16, 2010 update: A taxi driver in Sydney, Australia agreed to take Sarah Eady's seeing-eye dog Ally – but only if it went into the trunk of the car. Eady recounts:

I opened the door and he said "Can you sit in the back with the dog" and I told him the dog was trained to sit in the front. He said he didn't want the dog in the front and then he asked me to put Ally in the boot."

This incident follows a "Guide Dogs NSW" awareness campaign targeting cabbies with advertisements on the taxis themselves with the slogan "Any dog can chase a car, ours can catch a cab." In addition, taxi driver training courses include instruction on guidelines for carrying vision-impaired passengers. Despite, 35 percent of the blind report their guide dogs have been refused entry to a taxi in the past 12 months.

June 8, 2010 update: Nader Rohbani-Eivazi, 49, informed Janice Powers, 49, that she could not take her seeing-eye dog Wayne into his taxi in Wales. "Four people but no dog," he said, referring to her and three human companions. When she protested, he replied, "Take me to court," which she did. Magistrates fined Rohbani-Eivazi £200 for breaking disability laws, plus £215 for costs.

June 22, 2010 update: If taxis, why not buses? Judith Woods writes in the first person for the Daily Telegraph (London) about Daisy, a Manchester terrier and how, on two occasions last week, the dog was barred from London buses on religious grounds. In one case, as a friend of Woods took Daisy to the bus, .

As they tried to board the bus, the driver stopped her and told her that there was a Muslim lady on the bus who "might be upset by the dog." As she [the friend] attempted to remonstrate, the doors closed and the bus drew away. When a second bus arrived, she again made to embark, but was stopped again – this time because the driver said he was Muslim.

Ernest Dix with his seeing-eye dog, Blake.

July 19, 2010 update: Britain's Daily Mail reports in "Muslim bus drivers refuse to let guide dogs on board" that bus and taxi drivers are ordering blind passengers off their vehicles "has become so widespread that the matter was raised in the House of Lords last week, prompting transport minister Norman Baker to warn that a religious objection was not a reason to eject a passenger with a well-behaved guide dog."

The article tells the story of George Herridge, 73, a retired hospital maintenance manager and cancer sufferer, who was "stunned" when twice told by bus drivers to get off because of his guide dog Andy, a black Labrador; in addition, he faced hostility at a hospital and in a supermarket.

on the first occasion two years ago, he got off at the request of a Muslim driver because some Muslim children on board were 'screaming' because of the dog. He found himself in a similar scenario in May last year, when a Muslim woman and her children became 'hysterical'. Mr Herridge this time refused the driver's request to alight. He complained to the bus company which launched an investigation. It later informed him the matter had been dealt with 'internally'.

Nov. 25, 2010 update: Doreen and Ernest Dix, an elderly blind couple living near Stafford, to the north of Birmingham, England, were turned away from a taxi in a commercial area because of Blake, their golden retriever-labrador. The driver, according to the Dixes, said he did not want the dog in his car.

Mrs. Dix, 71, recounted: "I can barely see, but saw the driver wave his hands and say 'no, no, no' as we approached his cab. We were both very upset and were made to feel really small, but just got the next taxi in the end." Mr. Dix, 82, was "appalled" by the driver's behavior: "I've been registered blind for 28 years and have never been discriminated against by a taxi driver before this. If he isn't willing to pick up certain people, then he shouldn't be in a queue of taxis earmarked for shoppers."

Apr. 1, 2011 update: A reader, Ed Leary, provides compelling personal testimony on taxi drivers in Washington, D.C. refusing blind riders with dogs. Please read his comment.

Apr. 19, 2011 update: As a sidebar, Time magazine reports that the authorities in Iran are preparing legislation to ban dogs as pets in that country on the grounds that they are "impure and dangerous animals."

Related Topics:  Muslims in the West, Radical Islam receive the latest by email: subscribe to daniel pipes' free mailing list This text may be reposted or forwarded so long as it is presented as an integral whole with complete information provided about its author, date, place of publication, and original URL.