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Ibn Warraq: The Kathisma Church, the canonization of the Qur'an and Wansbrough's Sectarian Milieu

Reader comment on item: Study the Koran?

Submitted by dhimmi no more (United States), Oct 5, 2014 at 13:55

Dr. Pipes

Again I would like to remind the readers that would like to check the Syriac script to download it

I urge readers to read this great article about Christmas in the Qur'an and the Kathisma Church (it is located just outside of Jerusalem) by Stephen Shoemaker before reading my post

http://www.academia.edu/1057321/Christmas_in_the_Quran_the_Quranic_account_of_Jesuss_nativity_and_Palestinian_local_tradition

I also suggest that the readers open a separate screen and open the link for the Cairo Qur'an in Arabic while reading the post

http://quran.com/

I have a few remarks to make that I believe can help the readers to understand what Shoemaker is saying

1. Yes Syriac and Arabic are two different languages but they have very much in common and any Arabic speaker would be able to undrestand this famous Aramaic formula

לית אלה אלא אחד

Or Let Elah Ella Ahad or Not is there a God but one

And compare this with the Quranic 112:1

قل هو الله احد

Or Qul Huwa Allahu Ahad (sic) or Say: He Allah is one

Or in the islamic formula

لا اله الا الله

Or La Ilaha Ila Allah or there is no God but Allah

And let us take the case of the Lord's prayer and the first two lines

ܐܒܘܢ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ ܝܬܩܕܫ ܫܡܟ ܬܐܬܐ ܡܠܟܘܬܟ

Or Abun d'bishmaya yetqadash ishmak tete malakoutak

Educated Arabs would be able to understand it very well

This does not mean that these two languages are one and the same. There are Syriac words that are not Arabic words the likes of Tur or mountain but we stll can find such word in the Qur'an and there are similar words that would have very different meanings in both languages and take the case of the word bread and in Syriac the word is ܠܚܡܐ or Lahma (Lechem in Hebrew) but in Arabic the word لحمة or Lahma means meat and not bread

The point here is what Luxenberg is really saying that the Qur'an is really this hybrid of Syriac and Arabic and it is not the so called classical Arabic that one would find in the 3rd century of Islam and this indeed explains very well why was al-Tabari struggling with telling his readers about what the Qur'an is really saying

He also believes that the ur Qur'an was written in garshouni (Arabic/Syriac text written by using Syriac alphabet)

2. John Wansbrough believed that the Qur'an was still changing after the death of Muhammad and it was not canonized before the 3rd century of islam after all how can Muslims canonize the Qur'an if they really cannot read it and understand what it is really saying. He believed that this must have happened during the 3rd century of Islam at the time when the great masoretic exegesis of the Qur'an was written by al-Tabari

This means that the Qur'an was still in flux in the 3rd century and here are examples:

Take the case of surat Yusuf 49 or Q12:49 it says

ثُمَّ يَأْتِي مِن بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ عَامٌ فِيهِ يُغَاثُ النَّاسُ وَفِيهِ يَعْصِرُونَ

al-Tabari reads the rasm of the last word Y'SRUN as

1. يَعْصِرُونَ or ya3siruun (the first letter is a Ya or Y

2. تَعْصِرُونَ " بِالتَّاءِ , or Ta3siruun with a Ta or T

3. يُعْصَرُونَ " بِمَعْنَى : يُمْطَرُونَ or Yu3saruun and the meaning is yumataruun or to have rain!

Very different readings indeed this very well means as I explained in an old post the following

1. The Qur'an was a text and was not recitation otherwise this word would not have been a problem

2. It means that al-Tabari was dealing with a written text that was still unstable and even the names of the suras were still in flux and take the case of Q105 and al-Tabari called it Surat A lam tara and now the name is Surat al-Feel (elephant)

3. It means by him telling Muslims how to read the word that he was indeed instrumental in fixing the defective Quranic text

4. And how can Muslims canonize a book that they cannot read or agree on what it says before stabilizing such text and more evidence that the Qur'an could not have been canonized before al-Tabri or the third century of Islam as Wansbrough believed

5. it also means that there must have been a period between the time when the Quranic material was written and the attempts by the Ulama to find what this opaque revelation is saying and it could be one of two things: The Quranic material pre-dates Muhammad or the Qur'an was not canonized until the time of al-Tabari but by then no one had a clue that this book was all about

There are other examples in the Qur'an including the word MLK in Surat al-Fatiha and that fact that it is read in the Cairo Qur'an as Maaliki or the owner of and in the Tunisian Qur'an as Maliki or the king of and these are indeed two different words

Here is another example from the inscriptions of the Dome of the Rock

والسلم عليه يوم ولد ويوم يموت ويوم يبعث حيا

Or and peace be upon him (Jesus) the day he was born and the day he dies and the day he is resurrected

Now compare this with the Quranic 19:33

والسلم علي يوم ولدت ويوم ابعث حيا

Or and the speaker here is Jesus: And peace be upon ME the day I was born and the day i die and the day I become resurrected

These two versions are really variant traditions but why would Abd al-Malik in 692CE not select the canonized version? We will never know but it really means if Abd al-Malik had a canonized version of the Qur'an he would have selected the second version and by the way the Muslim tradition realizes the significance of this observation and we are told that the inscriptions of the Dome of the Rock are really sermons and not actual quotes from the Qur'an but it also could very well be that the first version was not selected in the final canonized Qur'an and in 692CE when the Dome of the Rock was built the Qur'an was not canonized

3. As for added verses in the Qur'an which must have been introduced in the text after the death of Muhammad take the case of Surat al-Nijm or Q53 I urge readers to open the link to the sura and check the Arabic verses and they are short and very poetic then all of a sudden you will find a long clusmy and very much out of context verse number 32 Ali Dashti believes that it is an interpolation that took place after the death of Muhammad and indeed the tradition struggled with this verse and we are told that it must be a verse revealed in Medina! Very lame excuse indeed

All of this means that the Qur'an was still changing after the death of Muhammad

Now back to the Kathisma Chruch

Shoemaker is really saying the following

1. This church was discovered in 1997 and the resemblance to the Dome of the Rock is striking

2. This church is about the story of the flight of the holy family to Egypt and also about the birth of Jesus. In a Palestinian tradition he was born at the site of the Kathisma or the holy family stopped at the location of the church during their flight to Egypt

This also very well explains why would Abd al-Malik build a similar structure on top of the Temple Mount and it makes you wonder that the site is about the Nativity or the flight of the holy family to Egypt too and not about a flight by the prophet of Islam

3. The mosiac in the chruch is about Mary and the palm tree as source fo food for her and the little stream of water the same story one would find in the Qur'an (19:24) about the Nativity story and what is most striking is that the chruch was converted to a mosque in the 8th century and the mosaic was left untouched whic makes one suspect that the this church had great sifnificance for the emerging Islam

4. Shemmaker believes that the Kathisma church and its related traditions present the only known precedent for the Quranic account of Jesus Nativity"

5. Then he wrote: The probability that the Quranic account of the Nativity developed under the infleunce of specific local Palestinian Christian traditions confirms the recognition of Wansbrough and others that the content of the Quranic text almost certainly continued to develop well after the death of death of Muhammad

I can also argue that such tradition might have made it to the Qur'an during Muhammad 's life time (but this would mean that we have to move the area where Muhammad had lived from al-Hijaz to Palestine or it could predated Muhammad by a long time from Palestinian Christian sources)

6. So where can we find such tradition of Jesus' nativity also the flight of the holy family to Egypt and the palm tree and the stream of water? Shomemaker provides two Christian lirerary sources: Latin Gospel of Ps-Matthew (Shoemaker proves that although this source is European but it was based on the circulating traditions in Palestine in the 3rd to 5th centuries) and The Protevangelium of James

7. This also means that such Quranic account of the Nativity could not have been composed ex-nihilo

So where does Luxenberg fit in the Quranic version of the Nativity?

In Q19:24 the word سريا or Sry' was read by the Ulama as rivulet (small stream of water) and they must have been aware of the Kathisma tradition. Luxneberg believes that the real word is really ܫܪܝܐ or Shrya or made legitimate and the meaning of Q19:24 is: Do not be sad your Lord has made your delivery legitimate instead of The Lord has placed beneath you a streamlet

And indeed Luxenberg is very correct that Mary's concern would have been the fact that having her child was legitimate

And this indeed makes much sense

Again Wansbrough was correct that Islam must be part of the Judeo Christian tradition and it is the product of Judeo Christian sectrarian milieu

Submitting....

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dhimmi no more say nothing [71 words]b soetoroJan 17, 2010 00:04153844
1Our dear Bary and gem time big time part deux [307 words]dhimmi no moreJan 18, 2010 07:45153844
1Koran Trivia [131 words]Harry L JohnsDec 1, 2007 12:33115534
Google "19 and Quran" or "7 and quran" or "quran and math" [21 words]AddeenDec 19, 2013 22:34115534
3The bogus "Qur'an and 19" [600 words]dhimmi no moreDec 21, 2013 10:04115534
1The Bogus Quran [75 words]AddeenJan 7, 2014 09:13115534
1Victims of the Arabs and their imperialism [594 words]dhimmi no moreJan 12, 2014 17:33115534
Quran [230 words]AddeenJan 20, 2014 10:04115534
1Victims of the Arabs and their imperialism revisited [904 words]dhimmi no moreJan 23, 2014 08:52115534
1mohammed wrote the koran [59 words]Phil GreendMay 28, 2007 01:3794991
1i really hope someone reads this [1097 words]anonymousOct 19, 2007 12:5094991
1Islam is Violent - response to Pakistani Girl (Anonymous) [1147 words]Tim CresswellJan 1, 2008 16:4894991
1Please, don't hate Islam [317 words]Maxat , KazakhstanJan 16, 2008 21:3894991
The Brilliance of the Islamic Tide [474 words]MudaJul 30, 2008 10:5594991
equivalent to someone claim himself as son of God [17 words]barry soetoroFeb 28, 2009 09:3694991
about: please don't hate islam by maxat of kazakhstan [45 words]racJun 18, 2009 09:5894991
question [16 words]bary soetoroJan 11, 2010 18:3394991
Another victim of Arabian imperialism albeit via tablighees [284 words]dhimmi no moreJan 12, 2010 07:2494991
Islam is Truth [17 words]bary soetoroJan 13, 2010 08:0394991
Our dear Bary has nothing to say! part deux [217 words]dhimmi no moreJan 13, 2010 17:1994991
you dont understand Islam [46 words]b soetoroJan 17, 2010 00:5994991
Our dear Bary has nothing to say! part trois [163 words]dhimmi no moreJan 18, 2010 08:0194991
chronology of the chapters [28 words]George HurstJan 22, 2007 12:1674101
1Qur'an, Complexity or confusion [316 words]InfidelJan 20, 2007 21:4773856
the wisdom guided study of the koran [207 words]prakash christieDec 22, 2006 18:0970260
Illogic abounds in Koranistan [38 words]Guy MacherJun 25, 2008 18:4170260
Study the Quran [6 words]tariqMar 4, 2006 08:2638846
disagree!! [38 words]MashudNov 1, 2005 18:0427639
Misunderstood!! [200 words]MashudNov 1, 2005 18:0127638
islam [145 words]matFeb 2, 2006 21:0227638
The Plain Arabic fallacy [196 words]ianSep 13, 2006 17:4327638
Ha ha [83 words]aussieOct 10, 2007 18:1727638
1why Jesus didn't teach about Gabriel (the angel) [164 words]djawharJul 3, 2008 06:5327638
1Misunderstanding!!! [649 words]MishOct 30, 2005 21:0127531
mish [106 words]ahmad zafireMar 13, 2006 01:1127531
do you have any right to hate the american gov't? [17 words]asdfghApr 2, 2008 17:0827531
Quran Unchanged [223 words]Mohamed M. MohamedOct 14, 2005 04:3526937
islam [18 words]matFeb 2, 2006 21:0426937
No Mr Mohamed, you don't know that the Holy Quran/Koran is perfect in every way [30 words]klewJul 17, 2006 12:4626937
koran verses [77 words]mikeAug 21, 2006 00:0226937
Answer [58 words]Maxat , KazakhstanJan 16, 2008 22:0826937
Agree and disagree with Daniel [273 words]AnnonymousSep 22, 2005 13:0826166
The Quran translated [428 words]Dr. Jamshid IbrahimFeb 6, 2005 14:4820142
For Dr. Jamshid Ibrahim [160 words]jennifer solisMar 7, 2008 23:1320142
For Jennifer Solis [165 words]Dr. Jamshid IbrahimJun 27, 2008 16:2220142
another wonderful insight [38 words]Laua MaizelsFeb 22, 2004 02:2413962
re-interpretation will not help [156 words]WaheedFeb 4, 2004 06:3513734
Could you make a Dutch Version Please? [57 words]Wim BedetJan 29, 2004 17:1413646
Study the Koran Art.1461 [276 words]S.C.PandaJan 29, 2004 04:5413633
Don't, but for the reason the other says you should [206 words]Alain Jean-MairetJan 28, 2004 12:0113615
Islamic hate for Jews [113 words]yuval brandstetterJan 27, 2004 04:5613574
Islamic hate for Jews [422 words]RheaJul 16, 2006 11:4413574
ah, excuse me... [251 words]tomMar 7, 2008 18:1613574
muslims and hitler [43 words]harryApr 14, 2009 02:4813574
Another question? [190 words]Tom AndrewsJan 26, 2004 13:3413560
The Qur'an Does Form the Basis for the Jihadist's Bigoted Mission [493 words]MichaelJan 25, 2004 16:0113534
We abuse religion [204 words]RheaJul 16, 2006 11:5513534
Study the Qur'an [218 words]AZJan 24, 2004 14:5213520
Response to "Study the Koran?" and other religious justifications [197 words]Mark SmithJan 24, 2004 13:1013518
A Theology of Race [53 words]T.B. RobertsJan 23, 2004 21:5013513
My comments on the whole situation [471 words]Diana NielsenJan 23, 2004 14:1413507
Study the Qu'ran--and hadith, and ibn hanbal, and... [183 words]Peter J. HerzJan 23, 2004 06:5813501
please explain it to me [179 words]Bernard HillJan 4, 2009 19:5013501
The Koran [381 words]Arlinda DeAngelisJan 23, 2004 00:4913499
You should work harder [12 words]Andrei MorozovJan 22, 2004 22:0513496
I somewhat disagree [60 words]DMJan 22, 2004 16:4013492
Enlightening as always [42 words]Cecil DonahoJan 22, 2004 11:4213489
We should study the periphery instead of the core? [92 words]danielJan 22, 2004 08:1913485
Yes, study the Quran [8 words]LalehJan 21, 2004 21:1613478
Do we want to read the Koran!? [26 words]OlgaJan 21, 2004 16:4613473
new kid on the block... [115 words]Nadir AhmedJan 21, 2004 16:0913470
Islam IS violent, not just militant Islam [622 words]Tim CresswellJan 21, 2004 13:2413468
Fake defending of Koran by Muslim [127 words]john smithJul 12, 2006 14:3013468
Facts About Islam [296 words]Captain ObviousNov 21, 2007 02:4813468
shortsighted [365 words]William Harold-Jenkins, PhDAug 26, 2008 01:5013468
Islam IS Violent [18 words]PFC GarciaApr 4, 2010 11:1013468
Study the Koran? [1 words]Hans GuggenheimJan 21, 2004 11:5313464
The quran and history [72 words]avi ElnekaveJan 21, 2004 11:0813462
thanks for trhis long overdue aricle; expansion and repetition of its content is necessary [85 words]Carmen Waggoner, Ph.D.Jan 21, 2004 09:3813460
Re "Study The Koran?" [51 words]Paul NelsonJan 21, 2004 09:1413459
religious dictatorships [61 words]brad bucherJan 21, 2004 08:3113458
KNOWING QURAN. [173 words]BABAJan 21, 2004 03:2313455
militant Islam [13 words]elmer eisnerJan 21, 2004 00:1213453
Context, context, context. [182 words]Phil BeckmanJan 20, 2004 23:4713452
Know Thy Enemy [155 words]Ruth LowryJan 20, 2004 23:1313451
Islamism - A Militant Theology! [312 words]Mike RamirezJan 20, 2004 21:2313447
Question On the Qu'ran [42 words]Avimael SantiagoJan 20, 2007 19:2813447
Reading the Koran!!! [147 words]CarolJan 20, 2004 20:3613445
Study the History of Islam? [140 words]Darwin BarrettJan 20, 2004 20:2913444
Understanding the nature of Holy Books. [127 words]Dirk van LeeuwardenJan 20, 2004 18:3413442
Read The Koran [142 words]Harry DavidJan 20, 2004 16:4313440
koran - nice or nasty? [212 words]estelle beninsonJan 20, 2004 15:3613438
Not if it causes menace [125 words]Brother Daniel TobinJan 20, 2004 13:4913437
My opinion of the Qu'aran [158 words]Josh PaladinJan 20, 2004 13:4213436
Primal Spirit Present Manifestation [185 words]Joh GlueckJan 20, 2004 13:3213435
quran [14 words]npopatJan 20, 2004 13:1813434
Source of understanding [43 words]Evelyn SepinJan 20, 2004 12:5413433
Read the Koran! [283 words]Rick FlandersJan 20, 2004 12:4513432
a question [267 words]roger wilkinsonJan 20, 2004 12:4313431
Study the Qu'ran [128 words]Lisa MichelsonJan 20, 2004 12:3313430
Ignoring the Evidence [600 words]PeterJan 20, 2004 11:1413429
the Koran [235 words]nabiel fayyadJan 20, 2004 11:0513428
There are many other Quran studies online as well that may be easier to read and summarized [88 words]TeriseJan 20, 2004 10:4613427
For Terise [55 words]MaratApr 8, 2007 09:5513427
Responce to your comment [74 words]omarOct 3, 2007 08:0213427
Re Koran Study [104 words]Jonathan BrahmsJan 20, 2004 10:3313426
Reading the Koran [134 words]BuddJan 20, 2004 09:4913423
the koran instructs muslims...? [232 words]harold silvermanJan 20, 2004 09:2813421
Infidelity [50 words]AdilSep 9, 2014 12:2913421
Sounds like the Torah [24 words]JimJan 20, 2004 08:1513419

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